手术治疗主要用于去除瘤灶，达到治疗的目的，同时也适用于癌症的预防、诊断、 分期、术后结构重建与功能康复等。这种方法不存在生物抵抗性；无潜在致癌可能； 不受肿瘤差异性影响；能提供准确的病理分期及组织学类型；适用于大部分未扩散 的肿瘤。但是会破坏正常组织；可有手术并发症，可致畸形、影响正常功能，甚至 危及生命；已有转移者，不能完全治愈；重要器官无法彻底切除。
世卫组织和国际癌症研究机构与包括国际原子能机构在内的其他联合国组织和伙伴合作，以便：
The central function of DNA destruction and epigenetic defects in DNA restore genes in carcinogenesis The classical view of most cancers is a set of illnesses driven by progressive genetic abnormalities that come with mutations in tumor-suppressor genes and oncogenes, and in chromosomal abnormalities. A role for epigenetic alterations was identified within the early twenty first century.[103]
Cancers ordinarily crop up from an assemblage of mutations and epimutations that confer a selective benefit resulting in clonal growth (see Area defects in progression to cancer). Mutations, however, will not be as frequent in cancers as epigenetic alterations.
Cancers are due to a number of mutations. Each and every mutation alters the behavior of your mobile fairly. Most cancers is essentially a ailment of tissue advancement regulation. For a traditional mobile to rework into a cancer cell, the genes that regulate cell growth and differentiation have to be altered.[99]
物理致癌物，例如紫外线和电离辐射；而异物刺激、创伤、慢性炎症等会促进恶变进程。
Within the 15th, sixteenth and 17th hundreds of years, it turned appropriate for doctors to dissect bodies to find the reason for Dying.[229] The German professor Wilhelm Fabry believed that breast most cancers was due to a milk clot in a very mammary duct.
University of Florida Most cancers Healthcare facility For the reason that cancer is a category of conditions,[seven][257] it really is not likely that there'll at any time be a single "heal for cancer" any in excess of there'll be only one treatment for all infectious health conditions.
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通过化疗有可能治愈或疗效较好，适用于绒癌、白血病、淋巴瘤、多发性骨髓瘤、胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤、睾丸癌、尤文肉瘤、神经母细胞瘤、小细胞肺癌等。
除了切除原發性腫瘤之外，癌症的病程分期（英语：staging）也需要手術的協助。例如，確定腫瘤惡化的程度與是否發生淋巴結轉移。病程分期主要可用來推測預後和是否需要實行輔助治療（英语：adjuvant therapy）。有時手術也被用來控制症狀以減輕病人痛苦，如脊髓壓迫或腸阻塞，稱為紓緩治療。
非洲 美洲 东南亚 欧洲 东地中海 西太平洋 When autocomplete results are offered use up and down arrows to critique and enter to select. 选择语言 选择语言
est aujourd’hui son seul destin. Résultat : le voilà contraint de transporter des touristes sur son dos, de jouer au foot pour les amuser, ou même de peindre avec sa trompe…On pourrait sourire de ces pratiques, mais il faut savoir qu’elles s’appuient sur un dressage 癌症 cruel, connu sous le nom de « phajaan »
如果能早期发现和治疗病例，则可降低癌症死亡率。早期发现包括两个部分，即：早期诊断和筛查。